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This is the third part of Peripheral Edema article, you can find a list of drugs which can affect certain functions of the body and cause lower leg edema includes the legs, feet and ankles.

We already known that medical reason is not the only cause of swelling feet and legs but some hormonal factors and certain bad condition can also trigger it. This is the second part of Peripheral Edema article and we'll look at some hormonal and condition causes of ankle and leg edema below.

Peripheral edema is an abnormal fluid retention in the lower legs that cause swelling of tissues in the calves, ankles, legs and feet.

Ascites is an excess fluid retention within the abdominal or peritoneal cavity, the membrane lining the abdominal organs and the abdomen itself.

Lymphatic system

Lymphatic system is a network of lymph nodes and lymph vessels secreting lymph fluid; fluid that consists of protein, fats, water and wastes. It drains excess tissue fluid, filters waste products, carries fats absorbed from the intestine to blood and produces immune cells to fight infections.

One of the most common causes of neck swelling is disease of the thyroid gland. So, what is thyroid gland? What happen when it’s malfunctioning?

Well, thyroid gland is a large ductless gland that lies at the lower front of the neck, secreting thyroid hormones; thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); directly into the bloodstream. These hormones affect almost all the cells in the body. They control much of the metabolism and stimulate the growth of child.

The prostate is part of the male reproductive organ contributing in the semen secretion. It is a cone-shaped glandular organ round the neck of the bladder. It has 5 lobes: anterior, posterior, two laterals and one median lobe. Any injury in the prostate will obstruct urination and ejaculation since part of the urethra (the duct that conveying urine and semen from the bladder) is surrounded by the prostate.

Too much salt or excess sodium intake

Too much salt or excess sodium intake will elevate the blood pressure and cause edema (usually ankles and feet swelling). This particularly occurs in person who is more sensitive to sodium.

If you're suffering joint pain, fever, swelling in the knee or other joints, fatigue, check this out, it might be symptoms of arthritis such as gout, osteoarthritis, bursitis or rheumatoid arthritis.

Preeclampsia is a high blood pressure during pregnancy which is accompanied by proteinuria; significant amount of protein in urine. Some women develop high blood pressure without proteinuria; this is referred to as Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH). Both preeclampsia and PIH are a leading cause of death to maternal and infant.